India, then, was under the rule of Mughals, Marathas and the Rajputs and had different coinage under each rule. By the mid 1600, the company had a strong footing in India and had over 23 factories by 1643. The East India Company was a British joint stock company created to carry out trade with countries in the east, but it mainly traded with Indian subcontinent. The British Raj was established in India after East Indian Company strengthened its foothold by venturing into lucrative trade activities. The new supply of the less expensive pepper from the East Indies meant that West African pepper was less popular.Did you know that coins were struck by the East India Company? Yes, the Indian subcontinent was under several colonial rulers who issued their own coins. Slave ships from Bristol brought it back from Africa, the ship the Rachell, for example, in 1711 brought back 10,262 lbs (4575 kgs). It was sometimes known as Guinea grains because came from the area in West Africa known to the Europeans as Guinea (modern Liberia). West African pepper was called Melegueta pepper.
The development of trade with the East Indies and the increase in the supply of black pepper from there helped to kill the trade in another pepper from West Africa.
From these, we can see that the East India Company imported into London 7,000,000 lbs (almost 3,200,000 kgs) of pepper in 1677. Wharfage books were used to show what ships brought in and out of ports. Spices such as pepper, cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon and ginger, were used literally to spice up the taste of food, and for the manufacture of medicines. Spices were in demand in Europe, but the supply was limited. The East India Company wanted spices from the East Indies. There was limited demand for wool and fancy goods in the East Indies, so much of their purchasing was done with silver instead. They offered such things as woollen cloth and ‘fancy’ goods like sword blades, mirrors, coral and ivory, and iron, lead and tin bars. They would come to markets such as this one offering British goods in exchange for these ones. Traders from the British trading company, the East India Company, traded in the region.
There were melons and coconuts, sugar and honey, beans, bamboo, swords and knives, men’s clothes, women’s clothes, spices and drugs, meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, pepper, onions and garlic, rice, jewellery and birds.
The wide variety of traders who brought their goods here included Arab, Turkish, Indian, Indonesian, Chinese and European traders. Traders from all over the East Indies met at the ‘great market’ in the large city of Bantam, on the island of Java (now part of Indonesia). Guinea grains, a type of pepper from West Africa
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